United Nations Security Council Resolution 82 (Korea)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267 (Afghanistan)
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor
United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
United Nations Angola Verification Mission II
United Nations Operation in Somalia II
United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission
United Nations Protection Force (former Yugoslavia)
Oil-for-Food Programme (Iraq)
United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti
United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (Gulf War)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 (Libya)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 502 (Argentina)
Special Tribunal for Lebanon

he Council is composed of 15 Members:

Five permanent members: China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly (with end of term year).

Most Chapter VII resolutions (1) determine the existence of a threat to the peace, a breach of the peace, or an act of aggression in accordance with Article 39, and (2) make a decision explicitly under Chapter VII. However, not all resolutions are that explicit, there is disagreement about the Chapter VII status of a small number of resolutions. As a reaction to this ambiguity, a formal definition of Chapter VII resolutions has recently been proposed: A Security Council Resolution is considered to be 'a Chapter VII resolution' if it makes an explicit determination that the situation under consideration constitutes a threat to the peace, a breach of the peace, or an act of aggression, and/or explicitly or implicitly states that the Council is acting under Chapter VII in the adoption of some or all operative paragraphs.[9] Chapter VII resolutions are very rarely isolated measures. Often the first response to a crisis is a resolution demanding the crisis be ended. This is only later followed by an actual Chapter VII resolution detailing the measures required to secure compliance with the first resolution. Sometimes dozens of resolutions are passed in subsequent years to modify and extend the mandate of the first Chapter VII resolution as the situation evolves.[10]

In 1944, during the Bretton Woods conference British economist, John Maynard Keynes proposed BANCOR a new neutral reserve currency that would be used for settling international accounts. However, the US overruled this proposal in favor of a system of fixed exchange rates using the U.S. dollar (which was a gold standard currency for central banks) as a reserve currency.

Now if commodity-rich nations such as Saudi Arabia and Russia suddenly decide to not use the dollar for global trade, then the trillion-dollar question is that what would be the next global reserve currency? Looking back at the history over the past few centuries, one has seen that the global reserve currency has changed hands every ~80-100 years. The dollar is nearing the 80-year mark also so a change of the guard in the next few years would not mean a deviation from the historical norm.he global reserve currency has been closely aligned with the overarching power in the world at that moment in history. China being a rising power sees itself as a Great Power (in its own mind at least) and would be in the mind of many as “calling the shots” in what the next global currency would be. While in theory, China would not mind having most of the world trade be conducted in yuan but given the Triffin dilemma that the US faces today this would be an obstacle. The Triffin dilemma is the conflict of economic interests that arises between short-term domestic and long-term international objectives for countries whose currencies serve as global reserve currencies. The use of the US dollar for global trade creates a big demand for dollars from all around the world leading to the dollar strengthening relative to other global currencies. This dollar strength made US exports become uncompetitive compared to their peers overseas. This has led to the hollowing out of the US manufacturing sector and a flight of jobs over the past few decades. This has imposed heavy costs on those who worked in blue-collar jobs across many areas of the US including the so-called “Rust Belt”.

China being an export-led economy would not want to fall into the same trap as the United States. While they would like to have global trade denominated in yuan in principle (as a matter of national pride) one doubts if they want their exports (which are a big part of their economy) to become more expensive. Also, for all trade to settle in yuan China would have to export yuan to many other nations that would need yuan to settle trade with their trading partners. Given the strict capital controls in China, it would be surprising if China allows a lot of yuan to go out of the country to foreign shores.

China has benefitted from the dollar system (running up trade surpluses year after year) where they can have their exports cheaper due to dollar strength so they would not mind having the reserve currency as something other than their own currency. Even if China wanted to set up the yuan as a default reserve currency the question is would other states fully embrace it?Today due to tensions with the West, Russia is forced into a friendship with China but they were not on the best of terms always including a military skirmish in 1969. Chinese from time to time bring up their territorial claims in the Russian Far East including Vladivostok which they say were given up by China as part of unequal treaties during their “150 years of humiliation” with foreign powers and now they want it back. Many other Asian neighbors including India, Vietnam, South Korea, Japan, etc. with which China has adversarial relations would also be wary of adopting a yuan-based reserve currency where they would be dependent on China to obtain yuan for their trading.

Also, in event of military hostilities with China or its allies, they can (like what Russia is facing right now) could be “cut off” from the reserve currency yuan which would be determinantal to them.

A return to a system like BANCOR (neutral reserve currency) proposed by Keynes in 1944 would require active cooperation between many nations across the world. With active geopolitical tensions among various sets of nation pairs: Russia and USA, USA and China, Europe and Russia, Saudi Arabia/UAE and Iran, etc. the chances of another “Bretton Woods” kind of consensus are next to nil.

Russian mercenaries and government offensives (January 2021-present)
Since January 2021, due to the actions of Russia's Wagner Group the rebels have been on the retreat for the first time in years.[2] On 25 January 2021, CAR forces, backed by Russian PMCs and Rwandan troops, attacked Boyali, killing 44 rebels who were plotting an assault on the capital.[201] Subsequently, CAR forces, supported by the Russian contractors and Rwandan troops, captured a number of strategic towns throughout February 2021, including Bossembele, Bouar, Beloko and Bossangoa. As the rebels were being pushed back, Valery Zakharov urged them to hand over their leaders to the CAR's security forces.[202][203][204][205] During the fighting, the rebel Coalition of Patriots for Change (CPC) claimed its fighters killed several Wagner Group PMCs and captured one when they destroyed their truck near Bambari on 10 February.[206]
Russian evil alliance got involved.

CCP create a lot white elephant projects through Africa corrupted leaders with bad debts CCP take away ports, highways and resources . People now change goverment and corrupted leaders go to jail. When ancient China stong they colonised neighbour countries. UN, NATO, Indo-Pacific & AUKUS will protect and develop Africa.

wont be another Ukraine because there is no Russian in Africa. Good move to develop Africa.

When Kamala Harris steps off Air Force Two in Ghana on Sunday, she’ll become the first Black woman US vice president to visit Africa, marking another chapter in her barrier-breaking role. “I’m going to Africa mainly to talk with African leaders about what we as the United States are prepared to do to have our role in investing in the future of that continent,” Harris said in a radio interview on Friday.

Harris hopes to build on themes of African innovation and technology, regional security, food security, women empowerment, climate and democracy, officials said. And she’ll bring with her continent-wide public and private sector investments.

Democracy Summit against evil axis want to recover their silly great ancient empire. Many red army cina man brightsmart want to support evils.

Democracy Summit co-organized by the five countries &121 leaders of countries and regions promote 1. Most-favoured-nation (MFN): treating other people equally 2. Freer trade: gradually, through negotiation 3. Predictability: through binding and transparency 4. Promoting fair competition 5. Encouraging development and economic reform

The Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) will serve to reinforce Canada’s strong economic ties with the United States and Mexico. CUSMA can set business up for success with a competitive advantage in one of the largest trading blocs in the world. Benefits for businesses, trade statistics, key milestones and chapter summaries. CCP cant break their relationship they are good brothers.

Another silly question seems dont understand "Agreement" but repeating own statement just like tape recording.

Silly fools dont know there is United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement.

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement
The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) entered into force on July 1, 2020. The USMCA, which substituted the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a mutually beneficial win for North American workers, farmers, ranchers, and businesses. The Agreement creates more balanced, reciprocal trade supporting high-paying jobs for Americans and grow the North American economy.

Agreement highlights include:

• Creating a more level playing field for American workers, including improved rules of origin for automobiles, trucks, other products, and disciplines on currency manipulation.

• Benefiting American farmers, ranchers, and agribusinesses by modernizing and strengthening food and agriculture trade in North America.

• Supporting a 21st Century economy through new protections for U.S. intellectual property, and ensuring opportunities for trade in U.S. services.

• New chapters covering Digital Trade, Anticorruption, and Good Regulatory Practices, as well as a chapter devoted to ensuring that Small and Medium Sized Enterprises benefit from the Agreement.

To view the full text of the agreement between the United States, Mexico and Canada, click here.

To view the main USMCA webpage, click here.

lonely old man who dont understand Chinese characters keep on repeating his own statements just like tape recording

WASHINGTON, Mar 27) The second democracy summit, initiated by US President Joe Biden, looks at a wider range and seeks to build a united front against authoritarianism as Russia continues to invade Ukraine and China take diplomatic countermeasures. The presidents of Zambia, Costa Rica, South Korea and the Prime Minister of the Netherlands chaired the second summit with Biden. The second democracy summit, co-organized by the five countries, lasted for three days, inviting 121 leaders of countries and regions, eight more than the first summit, most of whom will participate via video link. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky will participate in a dialogue on peace in Ukraine via video link on the first day of the summit.

All the brics+ will join except the 2 brothers. U may keep on denying whatever videos but u cant change the facts.

Malaysia called on Thursday for disputes over the South China Sea to be resolved by peaceful means, amid a standoff between Chinese and Malaysian vessels that a U.S. think tank said had been going on for months. arrived in the South China Sea this week near an area where a Chinese government survey vessel, the Haiyang Dizhi 8, has been operating close to a drillship under contract to Malaysian state oil company Petronas, regional security sources have said. The standoff was the latest development in a series of targeted harassments by Chinese vessels of drilling operations in five oil blocks off the Malaysian coast in the past year. Since December, Chinese forces have been harassing supply ships servicing the West Capella, an oil exploration vessel operated by Petronas, Poling said. Last week, the Haiyang Dizhi 8, accompanied by a Chinese Coast Guard (CCG) vessel, entered Malaysia’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and began a survey close to where the West Capella was operating.

On Thursday, the Haiyang Dizhi 8 was still within Malaysia’s EEZ, about 337 kilometres (209.4 miles) off Borneo, data from ship tracking website Marine Traffic Showed. Malaysia said on Thursday it remained committed to safeguarding its interests in the South China Sea.

“While international law guarantees the freedom of navigation, the presence of warships and vessels in the South China Sea has the potential to increase tensions that in turn may result in miscalculations which may affect peace, security and stability in the region,” Foreign Minister said in his first official remarks on the standoff.

Red army running dog pls ask your master stay away from Malaysia air and sea territory. Shame on you if u r a Malaysian.

Malaysia protests presence of Chinese vessels in its waters.

Malaysia summoned the Chinese ambassador to Kuala Lumpur on Monday to express its protest against the "encroachment" into its waters by Beijing's vessels, the foreign ministry said.

The protest was over the "presence and activities" of Chinese vessels, including a survey vessel, in Malaysia's Exclusive Economic Zone off the coasts of the eastern states of Sabah and Sarawak, the ministry said in a statement on Monday.
"Malaysia's consistent position and actions are based on international law, in defence of our sovereignty and sovereign rights in our waters," the foreign ministry said. Last week, media reported that a Chinese survey vessel was in Malaysian waters off the coast of Sabah, near a vessel commissioned by Malaysian state energy firm Petronas. Last year, another Chinese survey ship held a month-long standoff with an oil exploration vessel contracted by Petronas within Malaysia's exclusive economic zone. China had then said the vessel was conducting normal activities.

Malaysia's foreign ministry also said that all matters related to the South China Sea must be resolved peacefully and constructively.

"In determining Malaysia's position and course of action with regard to the South China Sea issue, which is complex and involves inter-State relations, Malaysia's national interests will remain of paramount importance," it said.

China claims almost all of the energy-rich South China Sea, through which about $3 trillion worth of ship-borne trade passes annually. Red army running dog pls ask your master stay away from Malaysia air and sea territory. Shame on you if u r a Malaysian.

Jeffrey Kitingan: Malaysia should protest China's military activities in the South China Sea

KOTA KINABALU: Malaysia should send a diplomatic protest to China and the United Nations over China’s military activities in the South China Sea, says Datuk Seri Dr Jeffrey Kitingan.

The Sabah Deputy Chief Minister said the recent increase of incidents where Chinese vessels encroached on Malaysian waters demonstrated the superpower’s lack of respect for its neighbours.

Red army running dog pls ask your master stay away from Malaysia air and sea territory.

The facts is still not settled yet. This show the new age hegemony.

South China Sea dispute: Malaysia accuses China of breaching airspace
Published 2 June 2021

Malaysia says it is to summon China's ambassador after 16 Chinese military aircraft flew over disputed waters off its eastern state of Sarawak.

Siily fools cant u read why terrorism happend in Uyghur reeducation camp. "Uyghur detainees held chained and shackled in cells so tiny.", Guards tortured the women by electric shocks and by gang rape, sometimes combining both. Reeducation camps intended to drain the Uyghur inmates of their language, religious beliefs and customs forced men and women into "11 hours of brainwashing lessons on a daily basis.

The terrorism happend in Uyghur reeducation camp.

What i knew/heard is US Yellen is asking China to help on the bonds on the verge of collapse.

Yes. This is totally fake news. It seems like u still dont know FED strategy is QT or QE now.

with your lists please take away the National Security Resolutions.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 82 (Korea)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267 (Afghanistan)
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor
United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
United Nations Angola Verification Mission II
United Nations Operation in Somalia II
United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission
United Nations Protection Force (former Yugoslavia)
Oil-for-Food Programme (Iraq)
United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti
United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (Gulf War)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 (Libya)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 502 (Argentina)
Special Tribunal for Lebanon

The Council is composed of 15 Members:

Five permanent members: China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly (with end of term year).

Most Chapter VII resolutions (1) determine the existence of a threat to the peace, a breach of the peace, or an act of aggression in accordance with Article 39, and (2) make a decision explicitly under Chapter VII. However, not all resolutions are that explicit, there is disagreement about the Chapter VII status of a small number of resolutions. As a reaction to this ambiguity, a formal definition of Chapter VII resolutions has recently been proposed: A Security Council Resolution is considered to be 'a Chapter VII resolution' if it makes an explicit determination that the situation under consideration constitutes a threat to the peace, a breach of the peace, or an act of aggression, and/or explicitly or implicitly states that the Council is acting under Chapter VII in the adoption of some or all operative paragraphs.[9] Chapter VII resolutions are very rarely isolated measures. Often the first response to a crisis is a resolution demanding the crisis be ended. This is only later followed by an actual Chapter VII resolution detailing the measures required to secure compliance with the first resolution. Sometimes dozens of resolutions are passed in subsequent years to modify and extend the mandate of the first Chapter VII resolution as the situation evolves.[10]

Lists of A Security Council Resolution

Believe or not, I leave it to u. U may tell your facts but dont bark here.

The old stories (fake) kept on repeating by US or her agents don't feel irritating and tired meh ??? What i knew/heard is US Yellen is asking China to help on the bonds on the verge of collapse.

Believe or not I leave it to you. I post what I believe, you get irritating is your problem. Otherwise, u may go to communist website there is only 1 voice it may be better for u. Please ask China sell all the US bonds and buy more his brotherhood Rubles and make US dollars collaped so that RMB could replace US dollar by tomorrow.

Proof of the Great Russian Empire.

1991–1992 South Ossetian War, 1992–1993 War in Abkhazia, 1992 Transnistria War, 1992 East Prigorodny Conflict, 1992–1997 Tajikistani Civil War, 1994–1996 First Chechen War, 1999 War of Dagestan, 1999–2009 Second Chechen War, 2008 Russo-Georgian War, 2009–2017 Insurgency in the North Caucasus, 2014–present Russo-Ukrainian War, 2015–present Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War, 2018–present Central African Republic Civil War

U dont make new year resolution or goals is your choice. someone may want to have it, if they try hard even though not 100% achieved it does not mean to set a goal to lie himself. And we should not comment that he dream of future with illogical goals.

Posted by DickyMe > 5 hours ago | Report Abuse

Human right and all other forms of rights nonsense are veiled colonialisation by the western nations using the dysfunctional United Nation. UN has become political.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights are the principles and targets. Just like your new year declaration or personnel goals, it may not fulfill 100% with whatever reasons but it does not mean it is useless to set the goals.

NATO has no intention to place nuclear weapon in Ukraine, Ukraine is not allowed to join NATO at that time.

Cuba not allowed to have nuclear weapon because it was cold war between NATO & USSR. With dissolution of USSR cold war is ended.

Posted by foongsh > 5 minutes ago | Report Abuse

IDQW,

That silly guy love CCP so much but seems dont understand Chinese wording and history at all. Not like u provide more interesting information and find facts. Just let him repeat his own boring over and over.

Agree with u, he is like lonely old man tape recording keep on and on ....................

But USA & the west do not adhere to the so call Human Rights loh!
They pay lip service when it serve their purpose, but ignore Human Rights when they are the violators mah!

Lu tau boh !

Please provide more details.

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,

Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,

Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,

Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,

Now, therefore,

The General Assembly,

Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 A) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected and it has been translated into over 500 languages. The UDHR is widely recognized as having inspired, and paved the way for, the adoption of more than seventy human rights treaties, applied today on a permanent basis at global and regional levels (all containing references to it in their preambles).

Kindly take note those resolutions MUST get the ALL consents from the 5 permanent members.

When we accused some countries launched air forces thousand miles away against certain countries please check were those air raids authorized by United Nation under Security Council. Kindly take note those resolutions MUST get the consents from the 5 permanent members.

The list of Chapter VII interventions includes:

United Nations Security Council Resolution 82 (Korea)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267 (Afghanistan)
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor
United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
United Nations Angola Verification Mission II
United Nations Operation in Somalia II
United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission
United Nations Protection Force (former Yugoslavia)
Oil-for-Food Programme (Iraq)
United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti
United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (Gulf War)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 (Libya)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 502 (Argentina)
Special Tribunal for Lebanon

The Council is composed of 15 Members:

Five permanent members: China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly (with end of term year).

Most Chapter VII resolutions (1) determine the existence of a threat to the peace, a breach of the peace, or an act of aggression in accordance with Article 39, and (2) make a decision explicitly under Chapter VII. However, not all resolutions are that explicit, there is disagreement about the Chapter VII status of a small number of resolutions. As a reaction to this ambiguity, a formal definition of Chapter VII resolutions has recently been proposed:

A Security Council Resolution is considered to be 'a Chapter VII resolution' if it makes an explicit determination that the situation under consideration constitutes a threat to the peace, a breach of the peace, or an act of aggression, and/or explicitly or implicitly states that the Council is acting under Chapter VII in the adoption of some or all operative paragraphs.[9]

Chapter VII resolutions are very rarely isolated measures. Often the first response to a crisis is a resolution demanding the crisis be ended. This is only later followed by an actual Chapter VII resolution detailing the measures required to secure compliance with the first resolution. Sometimes dozens of resolutions are passed in subsequent years to modify and extend the mandate of the first Chapter VII resolution as the situation evolves.[10]

Nevermind, now is still not too late.

If there were air forces thousand year ago. it might be a good idea.

Eastern & Western Civilizations did invade other countries, to recover great ancient empire boundaries will create confrontation and war. This is against the current international orders. Learn from mistake and think twice before the situation get worse.

Fourth Chinese domination (1407–1427)In 1407, under the pretext of helping to restore the Trần monarchs, Chinese Ming troops invaded Đại Ngu and captured Hồ Quý Ly and Hồ Hán Thương.[98] The Hồ family came to an end after only 7 years in power. The Ming occupying force annexed Đại Ngu into the Ming Empire after claiming that there was no heir to the Trần throne. Vietnam, weakened by dynastic feuds and the wars with Champa, quickly succumbed. The Ming conquest was harsh. Vietnam was annexed directly as a province of China, the old policy of cultural assimilation again imposed forcibly, and the country was ruthlessly exploited.[99] However, by this time, Vietnamese nationalism had reached a point where attempts to sinicize them could only strengthen further resistance. Almost immediately, Trần loyalists started a resistance war. The resistance, under the leadership of Trần Quý Khoáng at first gained some advances, yet as Trần Quý Khoáng executed two top commanders out of suspicion, a rift widened within his ranks and resulted in his defeat in 1413.[100]

Third Chinese domination (602–905 AD)During the Tang dynasty, Vietnam was called Annam until 866 AD. With its capital around modern Bắc Ninh, Annam became a flourishing trading outpost, receiving goods from the southern seas. The Book of the Later Han recorded that in 166 the first envoy from the Roman Empire to China arrived by this route, and merchants were soon to follow. The 3rd-century Tales of Wei (Weilüe) mentioned a "water route" (the Red River) from Annam into what is now southern Yunnan. From there, goods were taken over land to the rest of China via the regions of modern Kunming and Chengdu. The capital of Annam, Tống Bình or Songping (today Hanoi) was a major urbanized settlement in the southwest region of Tang Empire. From 858 to 864, disturbances in Annan gave Nanzhao, a Yunnan kingdom, opportunity to intervene the region, provoking local tribes to revolt against the Chinese. The Yunnanese and their local allies launched the Siege of Songping in early 863, defeating the Chinese, and captured the capital in three years. In 866, Chinese jiedushi Gao Pian recaptured the city and drove out the Nanzhao army. He renamed the city to Daluocheng (大羅城, Đại La thành).

In 866, Annan was renamed Tĩnh Hải quân. Early in the 10th century, as China became politically fragmented, successive lords from the Khúc clan, followed by Dương Đình Nghệ, ruled Tĩnh Hải quân autonomously under the Tang title of Jiedushi (Vietnamese: Tiết Độ Sứ), (governor), but stopped short of proclaiming themselves kings.