https://ktla.com/news/local-news/bodies-pile-up-patient-care-falters-at-l-a-county-hospitals-amid-unprecedented-covid-19-surge/

Bodies pile up, patient care falters at L.A. County hospitals amid unprecedented COVID-19 surge


Los Angeles County’s healthcare system was buckling Wednesday under the unprecedented surge of COVID-19 patients, with bodies piling up at morgues and medical professionals resorting to increasingly desperate measures as they brace for conditions to worsen in the coming weeks.

With hospitals overwhelmed by patients and no outlet valve available, doctors, nurses and paramedics are being forced to make wrenching choices about who gets care and at what level.

https://ktla.com/news/local-news/healthcare-workers-have-priority-access-to-the-covid-19-vaccine-but-some-are-refusing-to-take-it/

Health care workers have priority access to the COVID-19 vaccine, but some are refusing to take it



They are front-line workers with top priority access to the COVID-19 vaccine, but they are refusing to take it.

At St. Elizabeth Community Hospital in Tehama County, fewer than half of the 700 hospital workers eligible for the vaccine were willing to take the shot when it was first offered.

So many front-line workers in Riverside County have refused the vaccine — an estimated 50% —

The vaccine doubts swirling among healthcare workers across the country come as a surprise to researchers, who assumed hospital staff would be among those most in tune with the scientific data backing the vaccines.

https://ktla.com/news/local-news/healthcare-workers-have-priority-access-to-the-covid-19-vaccine-but-some-are-refusing-to-take-it/

Health care workers have priority access to the COVID-19 vaccine, but some are refusing to take it



They are front-line workers with top priority access to the COVID-19 vaccine, but they are refusing to take it.

At St. Elizabeth Community Hospital in Tehama County, fewer than half of the 700 hospital workers eligible for the vaccine were willing to take the shot when it was first offered.

So many front-line workers in Riverside County have refused the vaccine — an estimated 50% —

The vaccine doubts swirling among healthcare workers across the country come as a surprise to researchers, who assumed hospital staff would be among those most in tune with the scientific data backing the vaccines.

https://www.businesstoday.in/current/world/london-hospital-declares-disaster-mode-as-coronavirus-cases-continue-to-soar/story/426676.html

London hospital declares 'disaster mode' as coronavirus cases continue to soar


A London hospital has reportedly declared that it is in "disaster medicine mode" as it is short-staffed and deluged with coronavirus patients.

https://www.businesstoday.in/current/world/london-hospital-declares-disaster-mode-as-coronavirus-cases-continue-to-soar/story/426676.html

London hospital declares 'disaster mode' as coronavirus cases continue to soar


A London hospital has reportedly declared that it is in "disaster medicine mode" as it is short-staffed and deluged with coronavirus patients.

https://www.news.com.au/world/coronavirus/health/los-angeles-calls-in-national-guard-to-remove-bodies-of-coronavirus-victims/news-story/fdc1bf431d1365b45778cd91c3d1a21c

Los Angeles calls in National Guard to remove bodies of coronavirus victims


America’s coronavirus crisis has reached a new low, so overrun with cases that patients are dying in hospital hallways with morgues now overflowing.

The situation has grown so dire in Los Angeles that the National Guard has been called in to move bodies into storage at the LA County Department of the Medical Examiner-Coroner.

https://www.news.com.au/world/coronavirus/health/los-angeles-calls-in-national-guard-to-remove-bodies-of-coronavirus-victims/news-story/fdc1bf431d1365b45778cd91c3d1a21c

Los Angeles calls in National Guard to remove bodies of coronavirus victims


America’s coronavirus crisis has reached a new low, so overrun with cases that patients are dying in hospital hallways with morgues now overflowing.

The situation has grown so dire in Los Angeles that the National Guard has been called in to move bodies into storage at the LA County Department of the Medical Examiner-Coroner.

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-01-01/la-me-covid-19-death-toll-morgue-funeral-homes

Spiraling COVID-19 deaths leave morgues overflowing and funeral homes turning away grieving families

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-01-01/la-me-covid-19-death-toll-morgue-funeral-homes

Spiraling COVID-19 deaths leave morgues overflowing and funeral homes turning away grieving families

Why should you invest in a stock that you don't have any confident? Get loss and as you wish can invest in any of your favorite stock

https://biznews.co.ke/2021/01/01/medical-grade-gloves-market-comprehensive-study-explores-huge-growth-in-future/

Medical Grade Gloves MARKET: COMPREHENSIVE STUDY EXPLORES HUGE GROWTH IN FUTURE

https://biznews.co.ke/2021/01/01/medical-grade-gloves-market-comprehensive-study-explores-huge-growth-in-future/

Medical Grade Gloves MARKET: COMPREHENSIVE STUDY EXPLORES HUGE GROWTH IN FUTURE

https://menafn.com/1101350763/Glovescom-Launched-to-Combat-Supply-Problems-with-Medical-Gloves-in-2021

Gloves.com Launched to Combat Supply Problems with Medical Gloves in 2021


The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted problems with supply chains, distribution, and the unavailability of critically needed personal protective equipment. To create a long-term solution, seven entrepreneurs came together and purchased Gloves.com for $1.2 million. It's one of the highest amounts ever paid for a domain.

'There have been a lot of price gouging, scams and fake products in the gloves market because of unprecedented high demand and simply not enough supply, said Shakil Prasla, President of Gloves.com. 'We will solve this problem by being THE trusted source for medical gloves at affordable prices and always being in stock.

https://menafn.com/1101350763/Glovescom-Launched-to-Combat-Supply-Problems-with-Medical-Gloves-in-2021

Gloves.com Launched to Combat Supply Problems with Medical Gloves in 2021


The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted problems with supply chains, distribution, and the unavailability of critically needed personal protective equipment. To create a long-term solution, seven entrepreneurs came together and purchased Gloves.com for $1.2 million. It's one of the highest amounts ever paid for a domain.

'There have been a lot of price gouging, scams and fake products in the gloves market because of unprecedented high demand and simply not enough supply, said Shakil Prasla, President of Gloves.com. 'We will solve this problem by being THE trusted source for medical gloves at affordable prices and always being in stock.

https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/28748/20201221/still-lack-ppes-hospitals.htm

There is Still a Lack of PPEs in the Hospitals in the Us


As the first COVID-19 vaccines have started rolling out in the US, many doctors and nurses that will first receive the vaccine said that declaring victory against the pandemic is still premature, especially with the alarming shortage of personal protective equipment (PPEs) in the hospitals in the US.

The New York Times reported that the lack or shortage of the PPEs have led frontline medical health workers to ration their use of disposable gowns, gloves, N95 masks that protect them from catching the virus.

https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/28748/20201221/still-lack-ppes-hospitals.htm

There is Still a Lack of PPEs in the Hospitals in the Us


As the first COVID-19 vaccines have started rolling out in the US, many doctors and nurses that will first receive the vaccine said that declaring victory against the pandemic is still premature, especially with the alarming shortage of personal protective equipment (PPEs) in the hospitals in the US.

The New York Times reported that the lack or shortage of the PPEs have led frontline medical health workers to ration their use of disposable gowns, gloves, N95 masks that protect them from catching the virus.

http://epaper.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202012/25/WS5fe52737a31099a234352c6e.html

US hospitals face severe PPE shortage


Health workers across the United States are reporting a critical shortage of protective personal equipment, or PPE, amid a surge in COVID-19 cases.

The federal government has fallen behind in achieving its goal to secure certain types of PPE, such as nitrile gloves.

http://epaper.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202012/25/WS5fe52737a31099a234352c6e.html

US hospitals face severe PPE shortage


Health workers across the United States are reporting a critical shortage of protective personal equipment, or PPE, amid a surge in COVID-19 cases.

The federal government has fallen behind in achieving its goal to secure certain types of PPE, such as nitrile gloves.

http://www.chronline.com/community/as-vaccines-continue-to-roll-out-county-warns-of-worsening-glove-potential-syringe-shortages/article_17e8ef7a-4bc1-11eb-8c5e-57dd31b0b337.html

As Vaccines Continue to Roll Out, County Warns of Worsening Glove, Potential Syringe Shortages

http://www.chronline.com/community/as-vaccines-continue-to-roll-out-county-warns-of-worsening-glove-potential-syringe-shortages/article_17e8ef7a-4bc1-11eb-8c5e-57dd31b0b337.html

As Vaccines Continue to Roll Out, County Warns of Worsening Glove, Potential Syringe Shortages

https://www.cp24.com/news/canadian-experts-question-whether-covid-19-will-become-endemic-1.5249589

Canadian experts question whether COVID-19 will become endemic


WHO officials are predicting that the “destiny” of the COVID-19 virus is to become endemic, suggesting it could continue to spread through the population at a steady rate despite a global vaccination effort.

At a news conference Tuesday, several senior WHO officials warned that the development of COVID-19 vaccines is no guarantee that the virus will be eradicated

“It appears at present that the destiny of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) is to become endemic,” said David Heymann, the London-based chair of the WHO's strategic and technical advisory group for infectious hazards.

https://www.cp24.com/news/canadian-experts-question-whether-covid-19-will-become-endemic-1.5249589

Canadian experts question whether COVID-19 will become endemic


WHO officials are predicting that the “destiny” of the COVID-19 virus is to become endemic, suggesting it could continue to spread through the population at a steady rate despite a global vaccination effort.

At a news conference Tuesday, several senior WHO officials warned that the development of COVID-19 vaccines is no guarantee that the virus will be eradicated

“It appears at present that the destiny of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) is to become endemic,” said David Heymann, the London-based chair of the WHO's strategic and technical advisory group for infectious hazards.

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/coronavirus-hospitals-new-covid-strain-b1780907.html

Hospitals make desperate plea for staff as new coronavirus strain spreads ‘like wildfire’

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/coronavirus-hospitals-new-covid-strain-b1780907.html

Hospitals make desperate plea for staff as new coronavirus strain spreads ‘like wildfire’

https://kstp.com/coronavirus/california-hospitals-at-brink-of-catastrophe-25000-dead/5965151/

California hospitals at 'brink of catastrophe'; 25,000 dead

https://kstp.com/coronavirus/california-hospitals-at-brink-of-catastrophe-25000-dead/5965151/

California hospitals at 'brink of catastrophe'; 25,000 dead

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9103295/Londons-University-College-Hospital-warns-brink-treating-coronavirus-patients.html

London's University College Hospital warns it is on the brink of treating ONLY coronavirus patients as other treatment centre warns it is in 'disaster mode', with patients waiting more than 24 hours for beds

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9103295/Londons-University-College-Hospital-warns-brink-treating-coronavirus-patients.html

London's University College Hospital warns it is on the brink of treating ONLY coronavirus patients as other treatment centre warns it is in 'disaster mode', with patients waiting more than 24 hours for beds

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/31/world-to-mark-new-years-eve-under-covid-19-restrictions-live

England to open field hospitals as COVID-19 cases surge

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/31/world-to-mark-new-years-eve-under-covid-19-restrictions-live

England to open field hospitals as COVID-19 cases surge

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/12/virus-mutation-catastrophe/617531/

The Mutated Virus Is a Ticking Time Bomb


A new variant of the coronavirus is spreading across the globe. It was first identified in the United Kingdom, where it is rapidly spreading, and has been found in multiple countries.

There are still many unknowns, but much concern has focused on whether this new variant would throw off vaccine efficacy or cause more severe disease

A more transmissible variant of COVID-19 is a potential catastrophe in and of itself. If anything, given the stage in the pandemic we are at, a more transmissible variant is in some ways much more dangerous than a more severe variant. That’s because higher transmissibility subjects us to a more contagious virus spreading with EXPONENTIAL growth, whereas the risk from increased severity would have increased in a LINEAR manner, affecting only those infected.

Increased transmissibility can wreak havoc in a very, very short time.

To understand the difference between EXPONENTIAL and LINEAR risks, consider an example put forth by Adam Kucharski, a professor at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine who focuses on mathematical analyses of infectious-disease outbreaks. Kucharski compares a 50 percent increase in virus lethality to a 50 percent increase in virus transmissibility. Take a virus reproduction rate of about 1.1 and an infection fatality risk of 0.8 percent and imagine 10,000 active infections—a plausible scenario for many European cities, as Kucharski notes.

As things stand, with those numbers, we’d expect 129 deaths in a month. If the fatality rate increased by 50 percent, that would lead to 193 deaths. (LINEAR)

In contrast, a 50 percent increase in transmissibility would lead to a whopping 978 deaths in just one month—assuming, in both scenarios, a six-day infection-generation time. (EXPONENTIAL)

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/12/virus-mutation-catastrophe/617531/

The Mutated Virus Is a Ticking Time Bomb


A new variant of the coronavirus is spreading across the globe. It was first identified in the United Kingdom, where it is rapidly spreading, and has been found in multiple countries.

There are still many unknowns, but much concern has focused on whether this new variant would throw off vaccine efficacy or cause more severe disease

A more transmissible variant of COVID-19 is a potential catastrophe in and of itself. If anything, given the stage in the pandemic we are at, a more transmissible variant is in some ways much more dangerous than a more severe variant. That’s because higher transmissibility subjects us to a more contagious virus spreading with EXPONENTIAL growth, whereas the risk from increased severity would have increased in a LINEAR manner, affecting only those infected.

Increased transmissibility can wreak havoc in a very, very short time.

To understand the difference between EXPONENTIAL and LINEAR risks, consider an example put forth by Adam Kucharski, a professor at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine who focuses on mathematical analyses of infectious-disease outbreaks. Kucharski compares a 50 percent increase in virus lethality to a 50 percent increase in virus transmissibility. Take a virus reproduction rate of about 1.1 and an infection fatality risk of 0.8 percent and imagine 10,000 active infections—a plausible scenario for many European cities, as Kucharski notes.

As things stand, with those numbers, we’d expect 129 deaths in a month. If the fatality rate increased by 50 percent, that would lead to 193 deaths. (LINEAR)

In contrast, a 50 percent increase in transmissibility would lead to a whopping 978 deaths in just one month—assuming, in both scenarios, a six-day infection-generation time. (EXPONENTIAL)

https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/31/health/us-coronavirus-thursday/index.html

US sets daily Covid-19 death record for the second day in a row. Another 80,000 could die in next 3 weeks, new forecast says


As 2020 nears its end, the US reported a record death toll for the second day in a row

And the outlook is grim for January. More than 80,000 Americans could die of Covid-19 over the next three weeks, a new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ensemble forecast projects

The new prediction comes amid ongoing vaccine distributions

https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/31/health/us-coronavirus-thursday/index.html

US sets daily Covid-19 death record for the second day in a row. Another 80,000 could die in next 3 weeks, new forecast says


As 2020 nears its end, the US reported a record death toll for the second day in a row

And the outlook is grim for January. More than 80,000 Americans could die of Covid-19 over the next three weeks, a new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ensemble forecast projects

The new prediction comes amid ongoing vaccine distributions

In the meantime, Covid-19 numbers keep rising. The US reported a record high of more than 125,200 Covid-19 hospitalizations nationwide, according to the COVID Tracking Project. And many states are reporting alarming trends.

https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3115963/coronavirus-us-records-deadliest-day-end-grim-2020

Coronavirus: US records deadliest day at end of grim 2020


In the world’s worst-hit country, the US, the numbers keep climbing: on Wednesday more than 3,900 people died of Covid-19, a record, bringing the toll since the pandemic began to more than 19.7 million infections and 342,000 lives lost.

And experts believe the worst is yet to come, as US health care workers brace for a surge in cases after major holiday gatherings.

https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3115963/coronavirus-us-records-deadliest-day-end-grim-2020

Coronavirus: US records deadliest day at end of grim 2020


In the world’s worst-hit country, the US, the numbers keep climbing: on Wednesday more than 3,900 people died of Covid-19, a record, bringing the toll since the pandemic began to more than 19.7 million infections and 342,000 lives lost.

And experts believe the worst is yet to come, as US health care workers brace for a surge in cases after major holiday gatherings.

https://thehill.com/policy/international/531839-german-health-care-workers-sent-to-hospital-after-coronavirus-vaccine

German health care workers sent to hospital after coronavirus vaccine overdoses

https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/12/us-officials-address-questions-coronavirus-variant-vaccines

US officials address questions on coronavirus variant, vaccines


Amid concerns about the identification of a more-transmissible coronavirus variant and mounting frustration over the slow pace of COVID-19 vaccination, the third wave of coronavirus infections in the United States continues unabated.

The US reported 201,555 new COVID-19 cases yesterday, and 3,725 virus-related deaths, according to data from the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center.

There have now been more than 71,000 COVID-19 deaths in December, the deadliest month of the pandemic.

https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/12/us-officials-address-questions-coronavirus-variant-vaccines

US officials address questions on coronavirus variant, vaccines


Amid concerns about the identification of a more-transmissible coronavirus variant and mounting frustration over the slow pace of COVID-19 vaccination, the third wave of coronavirus infections in the United States continues unabated.

The US reported 201,555 new COVID-19 cases yesterday, and 3,725 virus-related deaths, according to data from the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center.

There have now been more than 71,000 COVID-19 deaths in December, the deadliest month of the pandemic.

https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/oxford-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-approval-is-unthinkable-claims-european-watchdog/articleshow/80022921.cms

Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine approval is 'unthinkable', claims European watchdog


As the country awaits the UK's approval to the AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine before giving nod for Emergency Use Authorisation to its Indian counterpart developed by Pune-based Serum Institute of India (SII), a top European drug official has claimed that the vaccine is not even ready for a conditional approval at the moment.

Noel Wathion, number two at the European Medicines Agency, told Belgian newspaper Het Nieuwsblad on Tuesday that the approval for AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine is still "unthinkable" and Europe is not going to approve the vaccine with "winning formula" for the time being.

https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/oxford-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-approval-is-unthinkable-claims-european-watchdog/articleshow/80022921.cms

Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine approval is 'unthinkable', claims European watchdog


As the country awaits the UK's approval to the AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine before giving nod for Emergency Use Authorisation to its Indian counterpart developed by Pune-based Serum Institute of India (SII), a top European drug official has claimed that the vaccine is not even ready for a conditional approval at the moment.

Noel Wathion, number two at the European Medicines Agency, told Belgian newspaper Het Nieuwsblad on Tuesday that the approval for AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine is still "unthinkable" and Europe is not going to approve the vaccine with "winning formula" for the time being.

https://news.sky.com/story/covid-19-us-falling-far-behind-on-vaccines-as-case-of-new-variant-found-in-colorado-biden-warns-12175199

COVID-19: US 'falling far behind' on vaccines as case of new variant found in Colorado, Biden warns


Joe Biden has warned the US is "falling far behind" in its attempts to vaccinate people against COVID-19.

At the current pace, the president-elect said it could take "years, not months", to inoculate the American people.

Mr Biden said he had just been briefed by experts and warned that "maybe the toughest" months of the pandemic are ahead

"Hospitals are being stretched beyond capacity,"

"There is a lot we don't know about this new COVID-19 variant, but scientists in the United Kingdom are warning the world that it is significantly more contagious,"

https://news.sky.com/story/covid-19-us-falling-far-behind-on-vaccines-as-case-of-new-variant-found-in-colorado-biden-warns-12175199

COVID-19: US 'falling far behind' on vaccines as case of new variant found in Colorado, Biden warns


Joe Biden has warned the US is "falling far behind" in its attempts to vaccinate people against COVID-19.

At the current pace, the president-elect said it could take "years, not months", to inoculate the American people.

Mr Biden said he had just been briefed by experts and warned that "maybe the toughest" months of the pandemic are ahead

"Hospitals are being stretched beyond capacity,"

"There is a lot we don't know about this new COVID-19 variant, but scientists in the United Kingdom are warning the world that it is significantly more contagious,"

https://www.donga.com/en/article/all/20201230/2336170/1/A-75-year-old-Israeli-dies-hours-after-receiving-Pfizer-vaccine

A 75-year-old Israeli dies hours after receiving Pfizer vaccine


Health authorities in Israel have begun investigating the correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and the death of a 75-year-old man, who died after receiving COVID-19 vaccine.

The death has raised suspicions over the safety of the vaccine and Health Ministry Director General Prof. Chezy Levy said an investigation committee has been formed to determine the cause of the death.

https://www.donga.com/en/article/all/20201230/2336170/1/A-75-year-old-Israeli-dies-hours-after-receiving-Pfizer-vaccine

A 75-year-old Israeli dies hours after receiving Pfizer vaccine


Health authorities in Israel have begun investigating the correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and the death of a 75-year-old man, who died after receiving COVID-19 vaccine.

The death has raised suspicions over the safety of the vaccine and Health Ministry Director General Prof. Chezy Levy said an investigation committee has been formed to determine the cause of the death.

https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/health-trends/us-nurse-tests-positive-for-covid-19-after-receiving-pfizer-vaccine-6284321.html

US nurse tests positive for COVID-19 after receiving Pfizer vaccine


A US nurse has tested positive for COVID-19 eight days after having received a Pfizer vaccine shot.

Speaking to ABC 10News, he said that - after receiving the vaccine, his arm was sore for a day but he suffered no other side effects.

However, six days later, the 45-year-old became sick while working a shift in the COVID-19 unit. He got the chills and later came down with muscle aches and fatigue, ABC reported. The next day, he tested positive for COVID-19.

https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/health-trends/us-nurse-tests-positive-for-covid-19-after-receiving-pfizer-vaccine-6284321.html

US nurse tests positive for COVID-19 after receiving Pfizer vaccine


A US nurse has tested positive for COVID-19 eight days after having received a Pfizer vaccine shot.

Speaking to ABC 10News, he said that - after receiving the vaccine, his arm was sore for a day but he suffered no other side effects.

However, six days later, the 45-year-old became sick while working a shift in the COVID-19 unit. He got the chills and later came down with muscle aches and fatigue, ABC reported. The next day, he tested positive for COVID-19.

https://www.timesofisrael.com/most-people-in-france-unwilling-to-have-covid-19-vaccine-poll-finds/

Most people in France unwilling to have COVID-19 vaccine, poll finds


According to the poll by Ipsos Global Advisor in partnership with the World Economic Forum, just 40 percent of French want to take the vaccine.

This puts it behind even other laggards like Russia on 43 percent and South Africa on 53%

Fear of side effects is the reason most often given for not wanting the vaccine, according to the poll.

https://www.timesofisrael.com/most-people-in-france-unwilling-to-have-covid-19-vaccine-poll-finds/

Most people in France unwilling to have COVID-19 vaccine, poll finds


According to the poll by Ipsos Global Advisor in partnership with the World Economic Forum, just 40 percent of French want to take the vaccine.

This puts it behind even other laggards like Russia on 43 percent and South Africa on 53%

Fear of side effects is the reason most often given for not wanting the vaccine, according to the poll.

https://la.eater.com/2020/12/29/22205136/los-angeles-stay-at-home-lockdown-restaurants-closed-outdoor-dining-covid-19-coronavirus-2021-new

Los Angeles Faces Indefinite Lockdown as COVID-19 Continues to Overwhelm Hospitals


Los Angeles County and the entire Southern California region will remain in lockdown mode for at least the next month, well into the new year — and almost certainly beyond.

Los Angeles is currently among the hardest-hit areas as the ongoing coronavirus pandemic rages, with intensive care unit bed capacity still sitting at zero percent region-wide, and hospitalizations growing exponentially.