Posted by YieldSeeker > 3 days ago | Report Abuse

GDP = C + I + G + (X-M). Could be the government spending is huge

Posted by tksw > 3 days ago | Report Abuse

May be the growth come from supplying weapons to Russia....

Posted by tksw > 3 days ago | Report Abuse

https://www.youtube.com/live/r3sl7TtBUjI?si=XbrQ6LioAxbI7OXe

Jialat... But Donald Duck is unpredictable....

Posted by tksw > 3 days ago | Report Abuse

https://www.youtube.com/live/r3sl7TtBUjI?si=XbrQ6LioAxbI7OXe

Jialat... But Donald Duck is unpredictable....

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

The Knowledge Spillover Effect of Multi-Scale Urban Innovation Networks on Industrial Development: Evidence from the Automobile Manufacturing Industry in China by Weiting Xiong, and Jingang Li

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

A Study of Knowledge Spillovers within Chinese
Mega-Economic Zones
Xiaobing Huang M, Xinxin Meng and Meng Chen From the journal Economics
https://doi.org/10.1515/econ-2022-0023

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS AND SCIENCE PARKS: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Chen Rui. Boris Lokshin. Pierre Mohnen
Annals of Economics and Statistics, No. 153 (March 2024), pp. 173-200 (28 pages)

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

The idea of knowledge spillovers - as the phenomenon that one firm's investment in knowledge creation produces external benefits and facilitates innovation activities by other firms - gained currency in the 1990s. Since then, the literature on spillovers has expanded rapidly. Seminal contributions (Arrow, 1994; Griliches, 1991; Grossman and Helpman, 1991; Jaffe et al., 1993, 2000; Nelson and Romer, 1996; Romer, 1990) discussed various facets of spillovers and the role of non-rival nature of knowledge in producing them.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

Knowledge spillovers, arguably, constitute a source of market failure because they may diminish firms' incentives to invest in own research and development (R&D) as returns to innovation cannot be fully appropriated (Aghion and Jaravel, 2015).

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

Partly because geographical and technological proximity have been shown to play an important role in spurring knowledge spillovers (Audretsch, 2003; Audretsch and Feldman, 1996; Cantner and Meder, 2007), one way of redressing this market failure is to organize innovation activities in clusters where knowledge can be more easily shared.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

OECD 1999) defines a cluster as a network of interdependent firms in a value-adding production chain, together with universities, research institutes, and bridging institutions. The cluster of innovative firms has physical boundaries and a developed set of linkages among the participating actors. Innovation clusters typically have the form of university research parks, soi parks, and high-tech industrial parks(Hobbs et al., 2017)'.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

Chinese start-up DeepSeek's release of a new large language model (LLM) has made waves in the global artificial intelligence (AI) industry, as benchmark tests showed that it outperformed rival models from the likes of Meta Platforms and ChatGPT creator @penAl.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

LLM refers to the technology underpinning generative Al services such as ChatGPT. In AI, a high number of parameters is pivotal in enabling an LLM to adapt to more complex data patterns and make precise predictions.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

DeepSeek (Chinese Al co) making it look easy today with an open weights release of a frontier-grade LLM trained on a joke of a budget. (2048 GPUs for 2 months, $6M).

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

For reference, this level of capability is supposed to require clusters of closer to 16K GPUs, the ones being brought up today are more around 100K GPUs. E.g. Llama 3 405B used 30.8M GPU-hours, while DeepSeek-V3 looks to be a stronger model at only 2.8M GPU-hours (~11X less compute). If the model also passes vibe checks (e.g. LLM arena rankings are ongoing, my few quick tests went well so far) it will be a highly impressive display of research and engineering under resource constraints.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

Does this mean you don't need large GPU clusters for frontier LLMs? No but you have to ensure that you're not wasteful with what you have, and this looks like a nice demonstration that there's still a lot to get thro with both data and algorithms.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

China wants to dominate in Al — and some of its models are already beating their U.S. rivals
PUBLISHED MON, DEC 16 2024•6:00 PM EST | UPDATED TUE, DEC 17 2024•9:58 AM EST

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

• Chinese Al models are already hugely popular and are keeping pace with - and even surpassing — some U.S. rivals, industry experts told CNBC.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

• Many Chinese firms are pursing open source, or open weight, large language models as a way to increase innovation and spread their use.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

• Chinese LLMs are among the most popular on Hugging Face, a repository for Al models.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

Al has become the latest battleground between the U.S. and China, with both sides considering it a strategic technology. Washington continues to restrict China's access to leading-edge chips designed to help power artificial intelligence amid fears that the technology could threaten U.S. national security.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

While the focus is on Al models right now, there is also debate over what applications will be built on top of them — and who will dominate this global internet landscape going forward.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

"If you assume these frontier base Al models are table stakes, it's about what these models are used for, like accelerating frontier science and engineering technology," Lux Capital's Isford said.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

It remains to be seen whether the current threshold strikes the right balance.
In November, Tencent released a language model called Hunyuan- Large that outperforms Meta's most powerful variant of Llama 3.1 in several benchmarks.
While benchmarks are an imperfect measure for comparing Al models' overall intelligence, Hunyuan- Large's performance is impressive because it was trained using the less powerful, unrestricted Nvidia H20 GPUs, according to research by the Berkeley Risk and Security Lab. "They're clearly getting much better use out of the hardware because of better software," says Ritwik Gupta, the author of the research, who also advises the Department of Defense's Defense Innovation Unit.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

Rival Chinese lab's DeepSeek-v3, believed to be the strongest open model available, was also trained using surprisingly little compute. Although there is significant uncertainty about how President-elect Donald Trump will approach Al policy, several experts told TIME in November that they expected export controls to persist-and even be expanded.

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

Before DeepSeek-v3 was released, the trend had already caught the attention of Eric Schmidt, Google's former CEO and one of the most influential voices on U.S. Al policy. In May 2024, Schmidt had confidently asserted that the U.S. maintained a two-to-three year lead in Al, "which is an eternity in my books!

Posted by Income > 2 days ago | Report Abuse

Yet by November, in a talk at the Harvard Kennedy School, Schmidt had changed his tune. He cited the advances from Alibaba, and Tencent as evidence that China was closing the gap. "This is shocking to me," he said. "I thought the restrictions we placed on chips would keep them back."

Posted by Income > 1 day ago | Report Abuse

How China’s award-winning EUV breakthrough sidesteps US chip ban
As US restrictions continue getting tougher, Chinese researchers are coming up with innovative approaches to chip manufacturing.