The People’s Bank of China reports that the combined domestic debt of corporations, households and the public sector increased last year to a level equivalent to 280 % of GDP (285 trillion yuan or 36 trillion euros), up from 255 % of GDP in 2019. When China’s foreign debt (which the PBoC estimates to be 14.5 % of GDP at the end of June) is included, total debt rises to about 295 % of GDP.
Due to the covid crisis and related measures, the debt-to-GDP ratios of many countries increased significantly last year. Figures from the Bank of International Settlements (BIS) for over 40 countries suggest China’s the increase in debt-to-GDP ratio from the start of 2020 to end of June was quite ordinary compared to the other countries. China’s debt-to-GDP ratio, nevertheless, is distinctly higher than in other emerging economies and on par with US and euro area, which have more developed financial markets.
China’s piling on of debt has long raised concerns among observers of the Chinese economy because rapid descents into indebtedness in other countries have typically led to major economic collapse or severe banking crises. Moreover, China was already engaged in efforts to bail out small and medium-sized banks before covid-19 struck, with so at least 500 billion yuan (BOFIT Weekly 40/2020) in public funds already expended. The lion’s share of Chinese debt exists in the form of bank loans taken by the corporate sector. During the covid pandemic, certain branches experienced significant declines in the ability of firms to service their debts. Stress tests released by PBoC in November showed that 10 of 30 banks were would fail even under the mildest stress scenario, which only assumed that GDP growth would be 1.6 % in 2020 and 7.8 % in 2021. The stress tests comprised all of China’s systemically critical banks.
Rival generals are battling for control in Sudan. A simple guide to the fighting Updated 12:29 PM EDT, Sun April 16, 2023
Fierce fighting across Sudan has left hopes for a peaceful transition to civilian rule in tatters.
Forces loyal to two rival generals are vying for control, and as is so often the case civilians have suffered the most, with dozens killed and hundreds injured.
A power struggle is at the center of the fighting At the heart of the clashes are two men: Sudan’s military leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and the commander of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo.
Until recently, they were allies. The pair worked together to topple ousted Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir in 2019 and played a pivotal role in the military coup in 2021.
However, tensions arose during negotiations to integrate the RSF into the country’s military as part of plans to restore civilian rule.
All the foreign car companies are having a hard time in China...they eat what going forward I also don't know.....and that is a real issue for them....China used to make toys for the world, now China is at the leading of so many ticket items like ships, trains, ports, roads, ai, e commerce, science and technology....life is really tough and only the fittest survive.
But Africa has more good news than bad news...Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt all want to join Brics+,. Rwanda is doing very well...pro China government in whole of Africa except for a handful
Sudan is no stranger to upheaval It is difficult to understate how seismic Bashir’s overthrow was. He had led the country for nearly three decades when popular protests that began over soaring bread prices toppled him from power.
During his rule, South Sudan split from the north while the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for Bashir alleged war crimes in Darfur, a separatist Western region.
After Bashir’s ouster, Sudan was ruled by an uneasy alliance between the military and civilian groups.
A conflict between the government of Ethiopia and forces in its northern Tigray region has thrown the country into turmoil.
Fighting has been going on since November 2020, destabilising the populous country in the Horn of Africa, leaving thousands of people dead with 350,000 others living in famine conditions.
Eritrean soldiers are also fighting in Tigray for the Ethiopian the government. All sides have been accused of atrocities.
A power struggle, an election and a push for political reform are among several factors that led to the crisis.
7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan Africa
There were at least 15 countries with active armed conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa in 2019: Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan. Eight were low-intensity, subnational armed conflicts, and seven were high-intensity armed conflicts (Nigeria, Somalia, the DRC, Burkina Faso, Mali, South Sudan and Cameroon). Almost all the armed conflicts were internationalized, including as a result of state actors (whether directly or through proxies) and the transnational activities of violent Islamist groups, other armed groups and criminal networks. The conflict dynamics and ethnic and religious tensions were often rooted in a combination of state weakness, corruption, ineffective delivery of basic services, competition over natural resources, inequality and a sense of marginal-ization. Two other cross-cutting issues continued to shape regional security: the ongoing internationalization of counter-terrorism activities, and the growing impact of climate change—with water scarcity being a particularly serious challenge.
Yeah a lot of wars in Africa but peak by 2000....those wars were post colonial wars when things were in flux with Europeans trying to protect their assets. The wars are now resolved with China's help in building infrastructure....Africa already have 20 years of relative peace but the danger is America going back to Africa to stir trouble
The People’s Bank of China reports that the combined domestic debt of corporations, households and the public sector increased last year to a level equivalent to 280 % of GDP (285 trillion yuan or 36 trillion euros), up from 255 % of GDP in 2019. When China’s foreign debt (which the PBoC estimates to be 14.5 % of GDP at the end of June) is included, total debt rises to about 295 % of GDP. Due to the covid crisis and related measures, the debt-to-GDP ratios of many countries increased significantly last year.
Blinken and Kamala Harris not able to find a single anti China government in Africa....now that's a big problem for them perhaps they didn't do enough propaganda in Africa?
7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan Africa
There were at least 15 countries with active armed conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa in 2019:
Africa internal wars non stop, all their white elephant projects have no return fallen into bad debt traps. India & ASEAN countries are rising, global supply chain restructuring focus here.
Across Africa, there are politicians saying we will protect Putin. During the independence movement Russia and China to a lesser extend , are only big powers supporting them against the colonial powers.
new generation of leaders in Africa has risen....these are socialists leaning, well educated, seen a lot, experienced a lot, seen the rise of China and learn from it. and clear in their minds that africa are also become rich just like China did, without being slaves of colonising West.
This book is the result of the author's many years of experience and observation throughout his 26 years in the stockbroking industry. It was written for general public to learn to invest based on facts and not on fantasies or hearsay....
Posted by IDQWE001 > 2023-04-05 15:08 | Report Abuse
The People’s Bank of China reports that the combined domestic debt of corporations, households and the public sector increased last year to a level equivalent to 280 % of GDP (285 trillion yuan or 36 trillion euros), up from 255 % of GDP in 2019. When China’s foreign debt (which the PBoC estimates to be 14.5 % of GDP at the end of June) is included, total debt rises to about 295 % of GDP. Due to the covid crisis and related measures, the debt-to-GDP ratios of many countries increased significantly last year. Figures from the Bank of International Settlements (BIS) for over 40 countries suggest China’s the increase in debt-to-GDP ratio from the start of 2020 to end of June was quite ordinary compared to the other countries. China’s debt-to-GDP ratio, nevertheless, is distinctly higher than in other emerging economies and on par with US and euro area, which have more developed financial markets. China’s piling on of debt has long raised concerns among observers of the Chinese economy because rapid descents into indebtedness in other countries have typically led to major economic collapse or severe banking crises. Moreover, China was already engaged in efforts to bail out small and medium-sized banks before covid-19 struck, with so at least 500 billion yuan (BOFIT Weekly 40/2020) in public funds already expended. The lion’s share of Chinese debt exists in the form of bank loans taken by the corporate sector. During the covid pandemic, certain branches experienced significant declines in the ability of firms to service their debts. Stress tests released by PBoC in November showed that 10 of 30 banks were would fail even under the mildest stress scenario, which only assumed that GDP growth would be 1.6 % in 2020 and 7.8 % in 2021. The stress tests comprised all of China’s systemically critical banks.